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//! Streams //! //! This module contains a number of functions for working with `Streams`s //! that return `Result`s, allowing for short-circuiting computations. use core::pin::Pin; use futures_core::future::{Future, TryFuture}; use futures_core::stream::TryStream; use futures_core::task::{Context, Poll}; #[cfg(feature = "compat")] use crate::compat::Compat; mod and_then; pub use self::and_then::AndThen; mod err_into; pub use self::err_into::ErrInto; mod inspect_ok; pub use self::inspect_ok::InspectOk; mod inspect_err; pub use self::inspect_err::InspectErr; mod into_stream; pub use self::into_stream::IntoStream; mod map_ok; pub use self::map_ok::MapOk; mod map_err; pub use self::map_err::MapErr; mod or_else; pub use self::or_else::OrElse; mod try_next; pub use self::try_next::TryNext; mod try_for_each; pub use self::try_for_each::TryForEach; mod try_filter; pub use self::try_filter::TryFilter; mod try_filter_map; pub use self::try_filter_map::TryFilterMap; mod try_collect; pub use self::try_collect::TryCollect; mod try_concat; pub use self::try_concat::TryConcat; mod try_fold; pub use self::try_fold::TryFold; mod try_skip_while; pub use self::try_skip_while::TrySkipWhile; cfg_target_has_atomic! { #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] mod try_buffer_unordered; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] pub use self::try_buffer_unordered::TryBufferUnordered; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] mod try_for_each_concurrent; #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] pub use self::try_for_each_concurrent::TryForEachConcurrent; } #[cfg(feature = "std")] mod into_async_read; #[cfg(feature = "std")] pub use self::into_async_read::IntoAsyncRead; impl<S: ?Sized + TryStream> TryStreamExt for S {} /// Adapters specific to `Result`-returning streams pub trait TryStreamExt: TryStream { /// Wraps the current stream in a new stream which converts the error type /// into the one provided. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let mut stream = /// stream::iter(vec![Ok(()), Err(5i32)]) /// .err_into::<i64>(); /// /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Ok(Some(()))); /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Err(5i64)); /// # }) /// ``` fn err_into<E>(self) -> ErrInto<Self, E> where Self: Sized, Self::Error: Into<E> { ErrInto::new(self) } /// Wraps the current stream in a new stream which maps the success value /// using the provided closure. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let mut stream = /// stream::iter(vec![Ok(5), Err(0)]) /// .map_ok(|x| x + 2); /// /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Ok(Some(7))); /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Err(0)); /// # }) /// ``` fn map_ok<T, F>(self, f: F) -> MapOk<Self, F> where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> T, { MapOk::new(self, f) } /// Wraps the current stream in a new stream which maps the error value /// using the provided closure. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let mut stream = /// stream::iter(vec![Ok(5), Err(0)]) /// .map_err(|x| x + 2); /// /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Ok(Some(5))); /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Err(2)); /// # }) /// ``` fn map_err<E, F>(self, f: F) -> MapErr<Self, F> where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Error) -> E, { MapErr::new(self, f) } /// Chain on a computation for when a value is ready, passing the successful /// results to the provided closure `f`. /// /// This function can be used to run a unit of work when the next successful /// value on a stream is ready. The closure provided will be yielded a value /// when ready, and the returned future will then be run to completion to /// produce the next value on this stream. /// /// Any errors produced by this stream will not be passed to the closure, /// and will be passed through. /// /// The returned value of the closure must implement the `TryFuture` trait /// and can represent some more work to be done before the composed stream /// is finished. /// /// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a /// wrapped version of it. /// /// To process the entire stream and return a single future representing /// success or error, use `try_for_each` instead. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::TryStreamExt; /// /// let (_tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Result<i32, ()>>(1); /// /// let rx = rx.and_then(|result| { /// future::ok(if result % 2 == 0 { /// Some(result) /// } else { /// None /// }) /// }); /// ``` fn and_then<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> AndThen<Self, Fut, F> where F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized, { AndThen::new(self, f) } /// Chain on a computation for when an error happens, passing the /// erroneous result to the provided closure `f`. /// /// This function can be used to run a unit of work and attempt to recover from /// an error if one happens. The closure provided will be yielded an error /// when one appears, and the returned future will then be run to completion /// to produce the next value on this stream. /// /// Any successful values produced by this stream will not be passed to the /// closure, and will be passed through. /// /// The returned value of the closure must implement the [`TryFuture`](futures_core::future::TryFuture) trait /// and can represent some more work to be done before the composed stream /// is finished. /// /// Note that this function consumes the receiving stream and returns a /// wrapped version of it. fn or_else<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> OrElse<Self, Fut, F> where F: FnMut(Self::Error) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = Self::Ok>, Self: Sized, { OrElse::new(self, f) } /// Do something with the success value of this stream, afterwards passing /// it on. /// /// This is similar to the `StreamExt::inspect` method where it allows /// easily inspecting the success value as it passes through the stream, for /// example to debug what's going on. fn inspect_ok<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectOk<Self, F> where F: FnMut(&Self::Ok), Self: Sized, { InspectOk::new(self, f) } /// Do something with the error value of this stream, afterwards passing it on. /// /// This is similar to the `StreamExt::inspect` method where it allows /// easily inspecting the error value as it passes through the stream, for /// example to debug what's going on. fn inspect_err<F>(self, f: F) -> InspectErr<Self, F> where F: FnMut(&Self::Error), Self: Sized, { InspectErr::new(self, f) } /// Wraps a [`TryStream`] into a type that implements /// [`Stream`](futures_core::Stream) /// /// [`TryStream`]s currently do not implement the /// [`Stream`](futures_core::Stream) trait because of limitations /// of the compiler. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use futures::stream::{Stream, TryStream, TryStreamExt}; /// /// # type T = i32; /// # type E = (); /// fn make_try_stream() -> impl TryStream<Ok = T, Error = E> { // ... } /// # futures::stream::empty() /// # } /// fn take_stream(stream: impl Stream<Item = Result<T, E>>) { /* ... */ } /// /// take_stream(make_try_stream().into_stream()); /// ``` fn into_stream(self) -> IntoStream<Self> where Self: Sized, { IntoStream::new(self) } /// Creates a future that attempts to resolve the next item in the stream. /// If an error is encountered before the next item, the error is returned /// instead. /// /// This is similar to the `Stream::next` combinator, but returns a /// `Result<Option<T>, E>` rather than an `Option<Result<T, E>>`, making /// for easy use with the `?` operator. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let mut stream = stream::iter(vec![Ok(()), Err(())]); /// /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Ok(Some(()))); /// assert_eq!(stream.try_next().await, Err(())); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_next(&mut self) -> TryNext<'_, Self> where Self: Sized + Unpin, { TryNext::new(self) } /// Attempts to run this stream to completion, executing the provided /// asynchronous closure for each element on the stream. /// /// The provided closure will be called for each item this stream produces, /// yielding a future. That future will then be executed to completion /// before moving on to the next item. /// /// The returned value is a [`Future`](futures_core::Future) where the /// [`Output`](futures_core::Future::Output) type is /// `Result<(), Self::Error>`. If any of the intermediate /// futures or the stream returns an error, this future will return /// immediately with an error. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let mut x = 0i32; /// /// { /// let fut = stream::repeat(Ok(1)).try_for_each(|item| { /// x += item; /// future::ready(if x == 3 { Err(()) } else { Ok(()) }) /// }); /// assert_eq!(fut.await, Err(())); /// } /// /// assert_eq!(x, 3); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_for_each<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryForEach<Self, Fut, F> where F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = (), Error=Self::Error>, Self: Sized { TryForEach::new(self, f) } /// Skip elements on this stream while the provided asynchronous predicate /// resolves to `true`. /// /// This function is similar to [`StreamExt::skip_while`](crate::stream::StreamExt::skip_while) /// but exits early if an error occurs. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec![Ok::<i32, i32>(1), Ok(3), Ok(2)]); /// let mut stream = stream.try_skip_while(|x| future::ready(Ok(*x < 3))); /// /// let output: Result<Vec<i32>, i32> = stream.try_collect().await; /// assert_eq!(output, Ok(vec![3, 2])); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_skip_while<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TrySkipWhile<Self, Fut, F> where F: FnMut(&Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = bool, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized { TrySkipWhile::new(self, f) } /// Attempts to run this stream to completion, executing the provided asynchronous /// closure for each element on the stream concurrently as elements become /// available, exiting as soon as an error occurs. /// /// This is similar to /// [`StreamExt::for_each_concurrent`](super::StreamExt::for_each_concurrent), /// but will resolve to an error immediately if the underlying stream or the provided /// closure return an error. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::oneshot; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let (tx1, rx1) = oneshot::channel(); /// let (tx2, rx2) = oneshot::channel(); /// let (_tx3, rx3) = oneshot::channel(); /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec![rx1, rx2, rx3]); /// let fut = stream.map(Ok).try_for_each_concurrent( /// /* limit */ 2, /// async move |rx| { /// let res: Result<(), oneshot::Canceled> = rx.await; /// res /// } /// ); /// /// tx1.send(()).unwrap(); /// // Drop the second sender so that `rx2` resolves to `Canceled`. /// drop(tx2); /// /// // The final result is an error because the second future /// // resulted in an error. /// assert_eq!(Err(oneshot::Canceled), fut.await); /// # }) /// ``` #[cfg_attr( feature = "cfg-target-has-atomic", cfg(all(target_has_atomic = "cas", target_has_atomic = "ptr")) )] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn try_for_each_concurrent<Fut, F>( self, limit: impl Into<Option<usize>>, f: F, ) -> TryForEachConcurrent<Self, Fut, F> where F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>>, Self: Sized, { TryForEachConcurrent::new(self, limit.into(), f) } /// Attempt to Collect all of the values of this stream into a vector, /// returning a future representing the result of that computation. /// /// This combinator will collect all successful results of this stream and /// collect them into a `Vec<Self::Item>`. If an error happens then all /// collected elements will be dropped and the error will be returned. /// /// The returned future will be resolved when the stream terminates. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::TryStreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// for i in (1..=5) { /// tx.unbounded_send(Ok(i)).unwrap(); /// } /// tx.unbounded_send(Err(6)).unwrap(); /// }); /// /// let output: Result<Vec<i32>, i32> = rx.try_collect().await; /// assert_eq!(output, Err(6)); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_collect<C: Default + Extend<Self::Ok>>(self) -> TryCollect<Self, C> where Self: Sized { TryCollect::new(self) } /// Attempt to filter the values produced by this stream according to the /// provided asynchronous closure. /// /// As values of this stream are made available, the provided predicate `f` /// will be run on them. If the predicate returns a `Future` which resolves /// to `true`, then the stream will yield the value, but if the predicate /// return a `Future` which resolves to `false`, then the value will be /// discarded and the next value will be produced. /// /// All errors are passed through without filtering in this combinator. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `filter` methods in /// the standard library. /// /// # Examples /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec![Ok(1i32), Ok(2i32), Ok(3i32), Err("error")]); /// let mut evens = stream.try_filter(|x| { /// future::ready(x % 2 == 0) /// }); /// /// assert_eq!(evens.next().await, Some(Ok(2))); /// assert_eq!(evens.next().await, Some(Err("error"))); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_filter<Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> TryFilter<Self, Fut, F> where Fut: Future<Output = bool>, F: FnMut(&Self::Ok) -> Fut, Self: Sized { TryFilter::new(self, f) } /// Attempt to filter the values produced by this stream while /// simultaneously mapping them to a different type according to the /// provided asynchronous closure. /// /// As values of this stream are made available, the provided function will /// be run on them. If the future returned by the predicate `f` resolves to /// [`Some(item)`](Some) then the stream will yield the value `item`, but if /// it resolves to [`None`] then the next value will be produced. /// /// All errors are passed through without filtering in this combinator. /// /// Note that this function consumes the stream passed into it and returns a /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `filter_map` methods in /// the standard library. /// /// # Examples /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec![Ok(1i32), Ok(6i32), Err("error")]); /// let mut halves = stream.try_filter_map(|x| { /// let ret = if x % 2 == 0 { Some(x / 2) } else { None }; /// future::ready(Ok(ret)) /// }); /// /// assert_eq!(halves.next().await, Some(Ok(3))); /// assert_eq!(halves.next().await, Some(Err("error"))); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_filter_map<Fut, F, T>(self, f: F) -> TryFilterMap<Self, Fut, F> where Fut: TryFuture<Ok = Option<T>, Error = Self::Error>, F: FnMut(Self::Ok) -> Fut, Self: Sized { TryFilterMap::new(self, f) } /// Attempt to execute an accumulating asynchronous computation over a /// stream, collecting all the values into one final result. /// /// This combinator will accumulate all values returned by this stream /// according to the closure provided. The initial state is also provided to /// this method and then is returned again by each execution of the closure. /// Once the entire stream has been exhausted the returned future will /// resolve to this value. /// /// This method is similar to [`fold`](super::StreamExt::fold), but will /// exit early if an error is encountered in either the stream or the /// provided closure. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{self, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let number_stream = stream::iter(vec![Ok::<i32, i32>(1), Ok(2)]); /// let sum = number_stream.try_fold(0, |acc, x| future::ready(Ok(acc + x))); /// assert_eq!(sum.await, Ok(3)); /// /// let number_stream_with_err = stream::iter(vec![Ok::<i32, i32>(1), Err(2), Ok(1)]); /// let sum = number_stream_with_err.try_fold(0, |acc, x| future::ready(Ok(acc + x))); /// assert_eq!(sum.await, Err(2)); /// # }) /// ``` fn try_fold<T, Fut, F>(self, init: T, f: F) -> TryFold<Self, Fut, T, F> where F: FnMut(T, Self::Ok) -> Fut, Fut: TryFuture<Ok = T, Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized, { TryFold::new(self, f, init) } /// Attempt to concatenate all items of a stream into a single /// extendable destination, returning a future representing the end result. /// /// This combinator will extend the first item with the contents of all /// the subsequent successful results of the stream. If the stream is empty, /// the default value will be returned. /// /// Works with all collections that implement the [`Extend`](std::iter::Extend) trait. /// /// This method is similar to [`concat`](super::StreamExt::concat), but will /// exit early if an error is encountered in the stream. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::stream::TryStreamExt; /// use std::thread; /// /// let (mut tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<Result<Vec<i32>, ()>>(); /// /// thread::spawn(move || { /// for i in (0..3).rev() { /// let n = i * 3; /// tx.unbounded_send(Ok(vec![n + 1, n + 2, n + 3])).unwrap(); /// } /// }); /// /// let result = rx.try_concat().await; /// /// assert_eq!(result, Ok(vec![7, 8, 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])); /// # }); /// ``` fn try_concat(self) -> TryConcat<Self> where Self: Sized, Self::Ok: Extend<<<Self as TryStream>::Ok as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default, { TryConcat::new(self) } /// Attempt to execute several futures from a stream concurrently. /// /// This stream's `Ok` type must be a [`TryFuture`](futures_core::future::TryFuture) with an `Error` type /// that matches the stream's `Error` type. /// /// This adaptor will buffer up to `n` futures and then return their /// outputs in the order in which they complete. If the underlying stream /// returns an error, it will be immediately propagated. /// /// The returned stream will be a stream of results, each containing either /// an error or a future's output. An error can be produced either by the /// underlying stream itself or by one of the futures it yielded. /// /// This method is only available when the `std` feature of this /// library is activated, and it is activated by default. /// /// # Examples /// /// Results are returned in the order of completion: /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::oneshot; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let (send_one, recv_one) = oneshot::channel(); /// let (send_two, recv_two) = oneshot::channel(); /// /// let stream_of_futures = stream::iter(vec![Ok(recv_one), Ok(recv_two)]); /// /// let mut buffered = stream_of_futures.try_buffer_unordered(10); /// /// send_two.send(2i32); /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, Some(Ok(2i32))); /// /// send_one.send(1i32); /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, Some(Ok(1i32))); /// /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, None); /// # }) /// ``` /// /// Errors from the underlying stream itself are propagated: /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::channel::mpsc; /// use futures::future; /// use futures::stream::{StreamExt, TryStreamExt}; /// /// let (sink, stream_of_futures) = mpsc::unbounded(); /// let mut buffered = stream_of_futures.try_buffer_unordered(10); /// /// sink.unbounded_send(Ok(future::ready(Ok(7i32)))); /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, Some(Ok(7i32))); /// /// sink.unbounded_send(Err("error in the stream")); /// assert_eq!(buffered.next().await, Some(Err("error in the stream"))); /// # }) /// ``` #[cfg_attr( feature = "cfg-target-has-atomic", cfg(all(target_has_atomic = "cas", target_has_atomic = "ptr")) )] #[cfg(feature = "alloc")] fn try_buffer_unordered(self, n: usize) -> TryBufferUnordered<Self> where Self::Ok: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>, Self: Sized { TryBufferUnordered::new(self, n) } // TODO: false positive warning from rustdoc. Verify once #43466 settles // /// A convenience method for calling [`TryStream::try_poll_next`] on [`Unpin`] /// stream types. fn try_poll_next_unpin( &mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Self::Ok, Self::Error>>> where Self: Unpin, { Pin::new(self).try_poll_next(cx) } /// Wraps a [`TryStream`] into a stream compatible with libraries using /// futures 0.1 `Stream`. Requires the `compat` feature to be enabled. /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// use futures::future::{FutureExt, TryFutureExt}; /// # let (tx, rx) = futures::channel::oneshot::channel(); /// /// let future03 = async { /// println!("Running on the pool"); /// tx.send(42).unwrap(); /// }; /// /// let future01 = future03 /// .unit_error() // Make it a TryFuture /// .boxed() // Make it Unpin /// .compat(); /// /// tokio::run(future01); /// # assert_eq!(42, futures::executor::block_on(rx).unwrap()); /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "compat")] fn compat(self) -> Compat<Self> where Self: Sized + Unpin, { Compat::new(self) } /// Adapter that converts this stream into an [`AsyncRead`](crate::io::AsyncRead). /// /// Note that because `into_async_read` moves the stream, the [`Stream`](futures_core::stream::Stream) type must be /// [`Unpin`]. If you want to use `into_async_read` with a [`!Unpin`](Unpin) stream, you'll /// first have to pin the stream. This can be done by boxing the stream using [`Box::pin`] /// or pinning it to the stack using the `pin_mut!` macro from the `pin_utils` crate. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// #![feature(async_await)] /// # futures::executor::block_on(async { /// use futures::future::lazy; /// use futures::stream::{self, StreamExt, TryStreamExt}; /// use futures::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt}; /// use std::io::Error; /// /// let stream = stream::iter(vec![Ok(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5])]); /// let mut reader = stream.into_async_read(); /// let mut buf = Vec::new(); /// /// assert!(reader.read_to_end(&mut buf).await.is_ok()); /// assert_eq!(buf, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); /// # }) /// ``` #[cfg(feature = "std")] fn into_async_read(self) -> IntoAsyncRead<Self> where Self: Sized + TryStreamExt<Error = std::io::Error> + Unpin, Self::Ok: AsRef<[u8]>, { IntoAsyncRead::new(self) } }